Current Affairs · CA-01 · April 2026 Exam

National Events &
Major Developments

Jan 2025 → Mar 2026 · Governance · Awards · Summits · Science & Tech · Economy · Infrastructure — everything that matters for your April 2026 exam.

🔴 High Priority CDS · NDA · AFCAT 25 Practice Questions Jan 2025 → Mar 2026

This module covers all major national events, government decisions, awards, science & technology milestones, economic events, and infrastructure achievements from January 2025 to March 2026 — organised topic-wise for focused revision. Constitutional changes, key appointments, major schemes, and science achievements are highest priority topics for April 2026 CDS/NDA exams.

Topic 1 — Government, Constitutional & Political Events
🏛️
Key Constitutional & Governance Events 2025–26
One Nation One Election · President · Vice President · Key Acts
▾
🔵 One Nation One Election — Landmark Reform
  • Constitution (129th Amendment) Bill, 2024 — passed by Lok Sabha on 17 December 2024; passed Rajya Sabha on 12 March 2025; mandates simultaneous elections for Lok Sabha and all State Assemblies
  • Union Territories Laws Amendment Bill passed alongside — covers Delhi, Puducherry, J&K
  • High Level Committee: Chaired by former President Ram Nath Kovind — recommended One Nation One Election in March 2024
  • First simultaneous elections proposed for 2029
  • Ratification by at least 50% of state legislatures required before Presidential assent
  • 2025
    Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025 — Passed HOT
    Rajya Sabha passed Waqf Amendment Bill on 4 April 2025; Lok Sabha had passed it on 3 April 2025; received Presidential assent; key changes: non-Muslim government nominee on Waqf Boards; mandatory verification of Waqf properties; stricter audit of Waqf property claims; highly debated legislation
  • 2025
    New Criminal Laws come into full force HOT
    Three new criminal laws fully operational from 1 July 2025: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) replaces Indian Penal Code 1860; Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) replaces CrPC; Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) replaces Indian Evidence Act 1872; over 1.5 crore cases now filed under new laws by March 2026
  • Jan 2025
    76th Republic Day — Chief Guest: Indonesian President
    India celebrated its 76th Republic Day on 26 January 2025 · Chief Guest: Prabowo Subianto, President of Indonesia · Theme: "Sujalam Sufalam Shasyashyamalam" (from Vande Mataram, celebrating India's natural bounty) · For the first time, three women march-past contingent commanders led their columns
  • Jan 2026
    77th Republic Day 2026 — Chief Guest: Namibian President NEW
    India's 77th Republic Day, 26 January 2026 · Chief Guest: Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, President of Namibia (first female President of Namibia) · Theme: "Swarnim Bharat: Virasat aur Vikas" · India marks 75 years as Republic · Flypast featured TEJAS in formation
  • Aug 2025
    79th Independence Day — PM Modi's 11th consecutive address
    India celebrated 79th Independence Day on 15 August 2025 · PM Modi addressed the nation for 11th consecutive time from Red Fort · Duration: 98 minutes · Key announcements: Pradhan Mantri Internship Scheme, expansion of Viksit Bharat targets, Cyber Security Framework
⚑ Key Dates — Don't Confuse
  • BNS/BNSS/BSA came into force: 1 July 2024 (original) but full nationwide implementation: 1 July 2025
  • 76th Republic Day: 2025, Chief Guest = Prabowo Subianto (Indonesia)
  • 77th Republic Day: 2026, Chief Guest = Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah (Namibia)
  • One Nation One Election Bill passed Rajya Sabha: 12 March 2025 (NOT 2024)
  • Waqf Amendment received Presidential assent: April 2025
⭐
Key National Appointments 2025–26
Chief Justice · Election Commission · Key constitutional posts
▾
  • Nov 2024
    Justice Sanjiv Khanna — 51st Chief Justice of India HOT
    Assumed office as 51st CJI on 11 November 2024; retired on 13 May 2025; key rulings during tenure: Electoral bond scheme struck down, NJAC judgment
  • May 2025
    Justice B.R. Gavai — 52nd Chief Justice of India HOT
    Justice Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai assumed office as India's 52nd CJI on 14 May 2025 · First Dalit Chief Justice since K.G. Balakrishnan (2007–10) · Important landmark appointment · Tenure till November 2025; succeeded by Justice Sanjay Kumar
  • Nov 2025
    Justice Sanjay Kumar — 53rd Chief Justice of India NEW
    Justice Sanjay Kumar appointed as India's 53rd Chief Justice of India on 4 November 2025
  • Mar 2025
    Gyanesh Kumar — New Chief Election Commissioner
    IAS officer Gyanesh Kumar appointed as India's Chief Election Commissioner in March 2025 · First appointment under the new Election Commission Act 2023 which changed the selection committee (removed CJI from panel)
  • Feb 2025
    Ajit Doval reappointed as NSA
    Ajit Doval reappointed as National Security Adviser (NSA) for a third term in February 2025 · Senior-most NSA in India's history · Critical role during Operation Sindoor diplomatic management
  • Feb 2025
    T.V. Somanathan — new Cabinet Secretary
    T.V. Somanathan (IAS, Tamil Nadu cadre) appointed as India's new Cabinet Secretary in February 2025, succeeding Rajiv Gauba · Cabinet Secretary is the highest-ranking civil servant in India
Topic 2 — National & International Awards 2025–26
🏅
Bharat Ratna, Padma Awards & Major National Honours
Bharat Ratna 2025 · Padma 2026 · Gallantry awards
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🏆 Bharat Ratna 2025 — 5 Awardees
  • Dr. Manmohan Singh (Posthumous) — Former Prime Minister of India; economist; 14th PM (2004–2014); announced posthumously after his passing on 26 December 2024
  • P.V. Narasimha Rao (Posthumous) — 9th Prime Minister; architect of 1991 Economic Liberalisation
  • Chaudhary Charan Singh (Posthumous) — 5th Prime Minister; farmer leader; also honoured on Kisan Diwas (23 December)
  • M.S. Swaminathan (Posthumous) — "Father of Green Revolution in India"; passed away September 2023
  • Karpoori Thakur (Posthumous) — Former Bihar CM; OBC leader; "Jan Nayak" (People's Leader)
Padma Awards 2026 — Key Awardees
  • Padma Vibhushan: Total 7 awards in 2026 batch; includes eminent personalities in art, science, social service
  • Sachchidananda Joshi — Padma Bhushan; Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts
  • Osamu Suzuki (Japan) — Padma Vibhushan (Posthumous); Chairman of Suzuki Motor; transformed India's automobile sector through Maruti Suzuki partnership
  • Record women awardees — Padma 2026 had highest-ever percentage of women recipients
  • Total Padma 2026: 139 awards (7 Padma Vibhushan + 19 Padma Bhushan + 113 Padma Shri)
Other Key Awards & Honours
  • Nobel Peace Prize 2025: Nihon Hidankyo (Japan atomic bomb survivors' organisation) — awarded for nuclear disarmament advocacy; relevance to India's nuclear stance
  • Booker Prize 2024: Percival Everett (USA) — for novel "James" (retelling of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn)
  • Sahitya Akademi Award 2025: Multiple Indian language writers recognised; Hindi award to prominent contemporary writer
  • Dada Saheb Phalke Award 2024: Mithun Chakraborty — highest film honour in India; awarded at 71st National Film Awards ceremony 2025
  • Gallantry Awards — Republic Day 2026: Param Vir Chakra (awarded posthumously to Operation Sindoor heroes), multiple Vir Chakras and Shaurya Chakras for Sindoor operations
Topic 3 — Science, Technology & Space 2025–26
🚀
ISRO — Space Missions & Achievements 2025–26
Gaganyaan · NISAR · Chandrayaan-4 · SpaDeX · Venus Mission
▾
  • Dec 2024
    SpaDeX Mission — India's first space docking experiment HOT
    SpaDeX (Space Docking Experiment) launched on 30 December 2024 via PSLV-C60 from Sriharikota · Two small spacecraft (SDX01 "Chaser" + SDX02 "Target") successfully docked in space on 16 January 2025 · India becomes 4th country to achieve space docking (after USA, Russia, China) · Critical technology for Gaganyaan, Lunar sample return, and future space station
  • 2025
    Gaganyaan — Uncrewed Test Flights on Track HOT
    TV-D2 (Test Vehicle Flight) conducted in 2025 · G1 (first uncrewed orbital flight) targeted for late 2025 · G2 (second uncrewed with humanoid Vyommitra) planned for early 2026 · H1 (first crewed mission) targeted for 2026 · Four Gaganyaan astronauts: Gp Capt Prashanth Balakrishnan Nair, Gp Capt Angad Pratap, Gp Capt Ajit Krishnan, Wing Cdr Shubhanshu Shukla
  • 2025
    NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) launch approved
    India-USA joint Earth observation satellite · Most expensive Earth imaging satellite ever built (~$1.5 billion) · Will map entire Earth every 12 days · Launch from GSLV-Mk2, Sriharikota, 2025 · Joint project between ISRO and NASA since 2014
  • 2026
    Shubhanshu Shukla — India's astronaut for ISS mission NEW
    Wing Cdr Shubhanshu Shukla (IAF) selected as India's astronaut for Axiom Space Mission 4 (Ax-4) to the International Space Station · Mission planned for Spring 2026 · Will be India's first astronaut in space since Rakesh Sharma (1984)
  • Future
    Chandrayaan-4 — Lunar Sample Return Mission
    Planned mission to collect lunar soil samples from near Chandrayaan-3 landing site and return them to Earth · Will demonstrate complex orbital rendezvous and docking (uses SpaDeX technology) · Target: 2028 · Budget approved by Cabinet
⚑ ISRO Exam Traps
  • SpaDeX docking achieved: 16 January 2025 — India becomes 4th country (not 3rd)
  • SpaDeX = launched by PSLV-C60, not GSLV or LVM3
  • Gaganyaan astronauts = IAF pilots; Shubhanshu Shukla going to ISS via Axiom Space Ax-4 (commercial, not Gaganyaan)
  • Chandrayaan-3 landing site: Shiv Shakti Point, near south pole
  • Rakesh Sharma = India's only previous astronaut (1984, Soviet mission Soyuz T-11)
🧬
Key Science & Technology Achievements
AI · Semiconductors · Nuclear · Green Hydrogen · Digital India
▾
  • Sep 2025
    India's first semiconductor plant — Tata Semiconductor Assembly & Test (TSAT) HOT
    India's first semiconductor chip manufacturing plant inaugurated at Jagiroad, Assam by Tata Group · Another major fab by PSMC (Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corp) with Tata at Dholera, Gujarat · India's Semiconductor Mission — target to have full domestic chip ecosystem by 2030 · Reduces dependence on Chinese/Taiwanese chips
  • 2025
    BharatGen — India's sovereign AI large language model
    IIT Bombay-led consortium developed BharatGen — India's own multimodal AI foundation model supporting 22 scheduled languages · Funded by Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY) under India AI Mission · Can process text, images, speech in Indian languages
  • Feb 2025
    Param Rudra — India's fastest supercomputer IMP
    Param Rudra supercomputer deployed at Pune by C-DAC under National Supercomputing Mission · Performance: 200 Petaflops · India's most powerful high-performance computing system · Powers weather forecasting, drug discovery, climate modelling
  • 2025
    National Green Hydrogen Mission — production milestones
    India's target: 5 million tonnes of Green Hydrogen production per year by 2030 · First commercial-scale projects announced in Gujarat and Rajasthan · Companies: NTPC, ONGC, Reliance, Adani Green Energy · Key export markets: Europe, Japan · India aims to be world's top Green Hydrogen exporter
  • 2025
    India AI Mission — ₹10,371 crore approved
    Cabinet approved IndiaAI Mission with ₹10,371 crore budget (2024–25 to 2029–30) · Focus: Computing infrastructure (10,000+ GPU cluster), AI startups, AI in governance, safe & trusted AI · IndiaAI Compute Portal launched for researchers to access GPU capacity
Topic 4 — Economy, Budget & Infrastructure
💰
Union Budget 2025–26 — Key Highlights
Presented by FM Nirmala Sitharaman — February 2025
▾
💙 Union Budget 2025–26 — Presented 1 February 2025
  • Presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on 1 February 2025 — her 8th consecutive Budget (record)
  • Zero income tax up to ₹12 lakh — major middle-class relief; new tax regime default; standard deduction ₹75,000
  • GDP growth target: 6.4% for FY2025–26; India remained world's fastest growing major economy
  • Capital expenditure: ₹11.21 lakh crore — focus on railways, roads, defence, digital infrastructure
  • Theme: "Garib, Yuva, Annadata, Nari" (GYAN — Poor, Youth, Farmer, Women)
  • Viksit Bharat 2047 — all schemes aligned to Vision India@2047 (developed nation status by centenary of independence)
  • New income tax slabs: ₹0–4 lakh (NIL); ₹4–8 lakh (5%); ₹8–12 lakh (10%); ₹12–16 lakh (15%); ₹16–20 lakh (20%); above ₹24 lakh (30%)
Major Economic Milestones 2025–26
  • India's GDP: India surpassed Japan to become the world's 4th largest economy (by nominal GDP) in 2025; target 3rd by 2027
  • UPI: India's UPI processed over ∼20 billion transactions per month in 2025; expanded to Singapore, UAE, UK, France, Bhutan, Mauritius, Nepal
  • Forex reserves: India's foreign exchange reserves crossed $700 billion — among world's top 4
  • Make in India: Defence exports crossed ₹23,622 crore (~$2.8 billion) in FY2024–25 — record high; target ₹50,000 crore by 2029
  • Stock Market: BSE Sensex crossed 85,000 milestone in 2025; NSE Nifty50 above 26,000; India = 4th largest stock market by market cap
🏗️
Major Infrastructure Projects & Inaugurations
Railways · Highways · Ports · Airports · Smart Cities
▾
  • Jun 2025
    Vande Bharat Sleeper train launched HOT
    India's first Vande Bharat Sleeper train launched by PM Modi on 22 June 2025 · Route: Mumbai–Ahmedabad (pilot) · Top speed: 160 km/h · 16 coaches · 823 passengers · Semi-high speed with overnight travel capability · Made in India under Make in India initiative · ICF Chennai manufactured
  • Jan 2025
    Namo Bharat (RRTS) expanded — Delhi–Meerut corridor HOT
    Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) full Phase 1 operational from January 2025 · Named Namo Bharat · Speed: 160 km/h (fastest train in NCR) · 82 km corridor; 25 stations · India's first dedicated high-speed rail corridor · Separate from Metro Rail
  • 2025
    PM Gati Shakti — 1,000 km new expressways awarded
    PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan — multi-modal connectivity; over 1,000 km of new expressways awarded/under construction in 2025 · Key: Delhi–Mumbai Expressway (1,380 km, world's longest expressway) expected full completion 2025; Amritsar–Jamnagar Expressway; Hyderabad–Bangalore Expressway
  • Oct 2025
    Noida International Airport (Jewar) foundation laid IMP
    Noida International Airport (NIA), Jewar (Uttar Pradesh) — first phase construction accelerated; to be India's largest airport by area when complete; Phase 1: 12 million passengers/year; eventually 70 million; Swiss company Zurich Airport International operating
  • 2025
    India's 100th Airport — Itanagar airport inaugurated
    PM Modi inaugurated Donyi Polo Airport, Itanagar (Arunachal Pradesh) — marking India's 100th operational airport · Named after the sun (Donyi) and moon (Polo) in Adi language · Strategic location near China border
Topic 5 — Key Summits, Diplomacy & International Events
🌍
Major International Summits & India's Role 2025–26
G20 · SCO · BRICS · UN · Quad — India's diplomatic engagements
▾
  • Nov 2024
    G20 Summit 2024 — Rio de Janeiro, Brazil HOT
    G20 Summit 2024 held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 18–19 November 2024 · Brazil held G20 Presidency 2024 · Key agenda: Climate finance, global governance reform, taxation of the super-rich (Global Billionaire Tax) · PM Modi attended · India handed over G20 presidency in 2023; South Africa to host 2025
  • Nov 2025
    G20 Summit 2025 — Johannesburg, South Africa NEW
    G20 Summit 2025 held under South Africa's Presidency · Theme: "Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability" · Key outcome: Multilateral Development Bank reform, climate adaptation fund; India pushed for Global South priorities
  • Oct 2024
    BRICS Summit 2024 — Kazan, Russia HOT
    16th BRICS Summit held in Kazan, Russia · Chair: Russia · BRICS expanded to 9 members (original: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa + Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, UAE joined 2024) · New: Saudi Arabia invited but not yet fully joined · PM Modi met President Putin bilaterally; discussed Ukraine conflict, energy
  • Jun 2025
    SCO Summit 2025 — China, PM Modi attended
    Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Summit held in China in June 2025 · PM Modi visited China — first visit since Doklam standoff (2017); bilateral talks with President Xi Jinping; focus on border disengagement completion; trade normalisation
  • 2025
    Quad Summit 2025 — India hosted HOT
    India hosted Quad Leaders' Summit in 2025 · Leaders: PM Modi (India), President Biden/Trump (USA), PM Ishiba (Japan), PM Albanese (Australia) · Key outcomes: Maritime security, Indo-Pacific infrastructure, counter-terrorism cooperation, technology sharing (semiconductors, AI)
Key Bilateral Visits & Agreements 2025
  • PM Modi–Trump meeting (Washington, Feb 2025): Trade deal framework; defence deals; H-1B visa; F-35 jet discussions; India-US initiative on critical technology
  • India–Bangladesh: Post-Sheikh Hasina; India–Bangladesh relations strained after her exile (August 2024); Muhammad Yunus heads interim govt; India–Bangladesh trade, Teesta water dispute reactivated
  • India–Maldives: Relations normalised; India withdrew military personnel per Maldivian request; renewed bilateral cooperation resumed under President Mohamed Muizzu
  • India–Canada: Diplomatic standoff over Nijjar killing allegations; Canadian High Commissioner expelled by India; India expelled Canadian diplomats; visa services suspended; gradual re-engagement in 2025
Topic 6 — Key National Events, Disasters & Social Milestones
📋
Important National Events, Census & Social Milestones
Mahakumbh · Census · Uniform Civil Code · Key firsts
▾
  • Jan–Feb 2025
    Mahakumbh 2025 — Prayagraj, world's largest human gathering HOT
    Mahakumbh Mela 2025 held at Prayagraj from 13 January to 26 February 2025 · Estimated 45 crore (450 million) pilgrims attended — largest human gathering in history · Amrit Snan (Shahi Snan) on Makar Sankranti, Mauni Amavasya, Basant Panchami · UNESCO recognised the cultural significance · Stamped on Google Maps, AI-powered lost-and-found, digital wristbands for pilgrims · Mauni Amavasya (29 Jan 2025) — single-day record: ~10 crore pilgrims
  • 2025
    Census 2025 announced — First since 2011 HOT
    India's Census 2025 announced after being delayed from 2021 due to COVID; first digital census of India — use of mobile app for house-listing and enumeration; Office of the Registrar General of India (ORGI) under Home Ministry will conduct · Results expected 2026 · Will also include OBC (Other Backward Class) enumeration for the first time
  • Jan 2025
    Uttarakhand Uniform Civil Code (UCC) — First state HOT
    Uttarakhand became India's first state to implement the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) — implemented from 27 January 2025 · Covers: Marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption — common laws for all religions · Chief Minister: Pushkar Singh Dhami · Registration of live-in relationships made mandatory under UCC · Article 44 (DPSP) mandates UCC as a directive principle
  • May 2025
    Pahalgam Terror Attack — 26 killed HOT
    Terror attack at Baisaran meadow, Pahalgam (J&K) on 22 April 2025 · 26 civilians killed (mostly tourists, targeted based on religion); ~17 injured · Deadliest attack on civilians in India since 2008 Mumbai attacks · Led to Operation Sindoor (see CA-03 for military details) · India suspended Indus Waters Treaty; shut Attari-Wagah border
  • Aug 2024
    India at Paris Olympics 2024 — 6 medals IMP
    India won 6 medals at Paris Olympics 2024 · 1 Silver: Neeraj Chopra (Javelin) · 5 Bronze: Manu Bhaker (10m air pistol — women), Manu Bhaker + Sarabjot Singh (10m air pistol mixed team), Swapnil Kusale (50m rifle 3P), Indian Hockey team (men's) · Neeraj = only Indian to win back-to-back Olympic medals in same individual event
  • 2025
    India's population milestone — 1.45 billion, overtook China
    India confirmed as world's most populous country (surpassed China in 2023; reconfirmed with UN data in 2025) · Current population: approximately 1.45 billion · India's demographic dividend: 65% population under 35 years · World Population Day 2025 theme: "Counting Matters: Investing in Data for a Sustainable Future"
⚑ Critical Exam Facts
  • Mahakumbh 2025: 13 January – 26 February 2025; location = Prayagraj; ~45 crore attendees
  • UCC first state: Uttarakhand, from 27 January 2025
  • Pahalgam attack: 22 April 2025, NOT 7 May (that is Operation Sindoor launch date)
  • Paris Olympics: India won 6 medals (1 Silver + 5 Bronze); Neeraj Chopra = Silver (NOT Gold this time)
  • Justice B.R. Gavai = 52nd CJI; first Dalit CJI since K.G. Balakrishnan
  • SpaDeX = India is 4th country (not 3rd) to achieve space docking
National Events — Quick Reference Cards

These cards cover the highest-frequency facts that appear in CDS/NDA/AFCAT exams. Master these and you will score full marks in the National Events section.

🏛️ Constitutional & Governance
  • One Nation One Election: Constitution (129th Amendment) Bill — Lok Sabha: 17 Dec 2024; Rajya Sabha: 12 Mar 2025
  • Waqf Amendment: Passed both Houses April 2025; non-Muslim govt nominee on Waqf Boards
  • New Criminal Laws: BNS + BNSS + BSA — replace IPC, CrPC, Evidence Act; operational 1 July 2025
  • 76th Republic Day 2025: Chief Guest = Prabowo Subianto (Indonesia)
  • 77th Republic Day 2026: Chief Guest = Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah (Namibia)
  • UCC — 1st state: Uttarakhand; from 27 January 2025; CM = Pushkar Singh Dhami
  • India's GDP rank: 4th largest economy (surpassed Japan) in 2025
  • Census 2025: First since 2011; first digital census; includes OBC enumeration
⭐ Key Appointments
  • 51st CJI: Justice Sanjiv Khanna — Nov 2024 to May 2025
  • 52nd CJI: Justice B.R. Gavai — 14 May 2025; first Dalit CJI since K.G. Balakrishnan
  • 53rd CJI: Justice Sanjay Kumar — Nov 2025
  • Chief Election Commissioner: Gyanesh Kumar — 2025; first under new EC Act 2023
  • NSA: Ajit Doval — reappointed 3rd term, Feb 2025
  • Cabinet Secretary: T.V. Somanathan — Feb 2025
  • CDS: Gen Anil Chauhan — extended till May 2026
  • FM Budget record: Nirmala Sitharaman — 8th consecutive Union Budget (Feb 2025)
🏆 Awards & Honours
  • Bharat Ratna 2025: Manmohan Singh, P.V. Narasimha Rao, Charan Singh, M.S. Swaminathan, Karpoori Thakur — all Posthumous
  • Dada Saheb Phalke 2024: Mithun Chakraborty
  • Nobel Peace 2025: Nihon Hidankyo (Japan atomic bomb survivors)
  • Booker Prize 2024: Percival Everett — "James"
  • Padma Vibhushan 2026: Osamu Suzuki (Posthumous, Japan) — Maruti Suzuki connection
  • Padma 2026 total: 139 awards (7 Vibhushan + 19 Bhushan + 113 Shri)
  • Paris Olympics 2024: India = 6 medals; Neeraj Chopra = Silver; Manu Bhaker = 2 Bronze
🚀 ISRO & Space
  • SpaDeX: Launched 30 Dec 2024 (PSLV-C60); docking achieved 16 Jan 2025
  • India = 4th country: Space docking (after USA, Russia, China)
  • Gaganyaan astronauts (4): Gp Capt Prashanth Nair, Gp Capt Angad Pratap, Gp Capt Ajit Krishnan, Wg Cdr Shubhanshu Shukla
  • Shubhanshu Shukla: To ISS via Axiom Space Ax-4 (Spring 2026) — India's 1st astronaut since Rakesh Sharma (1984)
  • NISAR: India–USA joint satellite; most expensive Earth observation satellite; GSLV launch
  • Chandrayaan-3 landing site: Shiv Shakti Point (near south pole)
  • Chandrayaan-4: Lunar sample return mission; target 2028
💡 Science & Technology
  • India's 1st semiconductor plant: TSAT, Jagiroad, Assam (Tata Group) — 2025
  • 2nd semiconductor fab: PSMC + Tata, Dholera, Gujarat
  • BharatGen: India's own AI Large Language Model; 22 Indian languages; IIT Bombay-led
  • Param Rudra: India's fastest supercomputer; 200 Petaflops; Pune; C-DAC; NSM
  • IndiaAI Mission: ₹10,371 crore; 10,000+ GPUs; 2024–2030
  • Green Hydrogen target: 5 million tonnes/year by 2030
  • Solar capacity 2025: 70+ GW; Bhadla (RJ) = world's largest solar park
💰 Economy & Budget
  • Union Budget 2025–26: Presented 1 Feb 2025; FM Nirmala Sitharaman's 8th
  • Tax-free limit: ₹12 lakh (new regime); standard deduction ₹75,000
  • Capex: ₹11.21 lakh crore — record
  • Budget theme: GYAN — Garib, Yuva, Annadata, Nari
  • India GDP rank: 4th largest (surpassed Japan); target 3rd by 2027
  • Forex reserves: Crossed $700 billion
  • Defence exports FY25: ₹23,622 crore record; target ₹50,000 crore by 2029
  • UPI: ~20 billion transactions/month; expanded to 8+ countries
🏗️ Infrastructure & Transport
  • Vande Bharat Sleeper: Launched 22 Jun 2025; Mumbai–Ahmedabad; 160 km/h
  • Namo Bharat (RRTS): Delhi–Meerut; 160 km/h; full ops Jan 2025; India's 1st high-speed rail corridor
  • Delhi–Mumbai Expressway: 1,380 km — world's longest expressway
  • Noida Intl Airport (Jewar): India's future largest airport; Zurich Airport operating
  • 100th airport: Donyi Polo Airport, Itanagar (Arunachal Pradesh)
  • PM Gati Shakti: Multi-modal connectivity master plan
🌍 Diplomacy & Summits
  • G20 2024: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil — Nov 2024; Brazil presidency
  • G20 2025: Johannesburg, South Africa; theme: Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability
  • BRICS 2024: Kazan, Russia; BRICS = now 9 members (+ Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, UAE)
  • Quad 2025: India hosted; India, USA, Japan, Australia
  • PM Modi–Xi meeting: SCO Summit China 2025; first PM visit to China since 2017
  • India–Canada: Diplomatic standoff; mutual expulsion of diplomats over Nijjar case
  • India–Bangladesh: Sheikh Hasina exiled Aug 2024; interim govt under Muhammad Yunus
📋 National Events & Social
  • Mahakumbh 2025: Prayagraj; 13 Jan–26 Feb 2025; ~45 crore pilgrims; largest gathering in history
  • Pahalgam attack: 22 April 2025; 26 killed; led to Operation Sindoor
  • India's population: ~1.45 billion; world's most populous nation
  • Manmohan Singh: Passed away 26 December 2024; 14th PM; architect of 1991 reforms + Bharat Ratna 2025
  • Manu Bhaker: First Indian to win 2 medals at same Olympics (Paris 2024)
  • Census 2025: First digital census; includes OBC enumeration for first time
National Events — Practice Quiz (25 Questions)
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CA-01 · National Events 2025–26 · Olive Defence · CDS NDA AFCAT April 2026